How to get an NIE in Spain as an American

Imagine stepping off the plane in Spain and being able to open a bank account, sign a lease, and set up your mobile phone without delay. The key to making that happen is your NIE—Número de Identidad de Extranjero. This personal ID number is required for most official tasks in Spain, from renting a flat to paying taxes.

If you’re an American planning to live, work, study, or invest in Spain, getting your NIE early will save you time and stress. This guide walks you through the NIE process clearly and simply so you can get set up confidently.

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Table of contents
What is an NIE? Step-by-step process for getting an NIE as an American Different types of NIEs Processing times for getting an NIE in Spain as an American Frequently Asked Questions

What is an NIE?

An NIE—Número de Identidad de Extranjero—is a personal identification number assigned to non-Spanish residents. Think of it as your all-access pass to life in Spain. To buy property, open a bank account, pay taxes, start a business, or even connect utilities, you’ll need this number.

The NIE is issued by Spain’s Guardia Civil or Policía Nacional. It’s linked to your full name rather than your passport number, making it a consistent identifier even if you renew or change your passport later.

There are two main forms of the NIE:

• Paper certificate: If you apply from outside of Spain (for example, through a Spanish consulate in the U.S.), you’ll usually receive your NIE as a simple A4-sized printed certificate with your number and name on it. It’s perfectly valid but not meant to serve as an ID for travel or identification.
• TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero): If you're already in Spain and your visa type requires residency, you may be issued a physical card instead. This version includes your photo and functions more like a resident ID

💡 Note: Not all NIE holders get a TIE, as it depends on your visa or residence status.

The NIE is not a visa, and it doesn’t give you permission to live or work in Spain. But you’ll need it before you can do almost anything official, so applying early is a smart move.

Why you need an NIE

Your NIE isn’t optional—it’s required for:

• Opening bank or mobile accounts
• Signing leases and utility contracts
• Enrolling in school or university
• Buying or selling property
• Paying taxes
• Working, freelancing, or registering a business
• Registering with healthcare or social services

If you plan to stay longer than 90 days, the NIE is often one of the first documents officials will ask for.¹

Step-by-step process for getting an NIE as an American

If you're still in the U.S., you can apply for your NIE through a Spanish consulate before heading to Spain. Here’s how to do it step by step.

1. Confirm your U.S. consulate

Each U.S. consulate covers specific states. For example, Washington DC serves the DMV region, and San Francisco covers parts of California. Double-check your jurisdiction and appointment requirements.

2. Fill out the forms

You’ll need:

• EX-15 form, stating your reason for requesting an NIE (economic, professional, social)
• Form 790-012, the tax fee receipt
• A valid passport (original + copy)
• Proof of U.S. residence (driver’s license or state ID)
• Completed forms, preferably printed and legible

3. Pay the fee

The U.S. fee is $10 USD, paid as instructed by the consulate as cash via a money order or cashier’s check.² 

4. Submit your application

Attend your appointment (or walk in during designated hours) with all documents and copies. If using a representative, include a notarized Power of Attorney and their ID.

5. Await your NIE

Processing takes approximately two weeks, though delays can happen. Once ready, you’ll receive an email or letter with your number. You will need to keep this printed document safe.³

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Different types of NIEs

While the NIE (Número de Identidad de Extranjero) is a single identification number, how you receive it and what it's tied to can vary depending on your purpose in Spain. Here are the main types and how they’re typically issued.

1. NIE for non-residents (assigned on paper)

If you're applying from outside Spain, for example, through a Spanish consulate in the U.S., you'll usually receive a non-resident NIE. This is issued on a white A4 paper certificate and is most commonly used for:

• Buying or selling property in Spain
• Setting up a business
• Managing taxes or legal affairs
• Handling inheritances

This version does not grant you residency or the right to stay long term. It's purely for administrative use.

2. NIE tied to residency (TIE card)

If you're moving to Spain for work, study, family reunification, or long-term living, your NIE will be issued alongside your residency permit. In this case, you’ll receive a TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero), which is a biometric residency card that contains your NIE number, photo, and type of stay.

This card acts as both your foreigner ID and proof of your legal residence in Spain.

3. Temporary NIE

In some cases, authorities may issue a temporary NIE while your long-term permit is being processed. This can allow you to start certain processes like opening a bank account or enrolling in services, while awaiting your full documentation.

No matter which version you get, your NIE number never changes. It stays with you for life, even if your reason for staying in Spain does.

Processing times for getting an NIE in Spain as an American

How long it takes to get your NIE depends on where and how you apply. Americans have two main options: applying through a Spanish consulate in the U.S. or applying in person once in Spain. Here's what to expect.

Applying in the U.S.

If you apply through a Spanish consulate in the United States, the process typically takes 15 to 45 days from the time your application is accepted.
However, this timeline can vary depending on:

• The specific consulate's workload
• Whether you apply by mail or in person
• Whether your documents are complete and error-free

Some consulates may process NIE requests faster if you apply in person and your paperwork is in order. Mailing applications often takes longer due to back-and-forth postage and internal processing times.

Applying in Spain

If you apply after you arrive in Spain, the process can move more quickly (usually within 1 to 2 weeks), especially if you’ve booked your appointment (cita previa) in advance. Once you attend your appointment and submit your documents, you may receive:

• A paper NIE certificate immediately or within a few days
• Or, if applying for residency, a TIE card, which may take up to 30 to 45 days to print and collect⁴

Planning ahead

It’s best to start the NIE application early, especially if you plan to make financial or legal decisions soon after arrival. To avoid delays, make sure all your paperwork is translated, notarized, and apostilled as required.

Frequently Asked Questions

Got questions about getting your NIE in Spain? Here are the most common ones U.S. citizens ask, along with clear, practical answers to help you navigate the process confidently.

How long does it take to get an NIE number in Spain?

If you apply in Spain, you can typically get your NIE certificate within 1 to 2 weeks after your appointment. In some cases, it's issued the same day. If you're applying for a residency card (TIE), expect 30 to 45 days for printing and collection.⁴

How long does it take to get an NIE from the U.S.?

Applying from a Spanish consulate in the U.S. usually takes 15 to 45 days after your documents are received and approved, depending on the consulate's processing times.

How much does it cost to get an NIE number in Spain?

The standard government fee for an NIE is around €9 to €12. You’ll need to complete and pay the Modelo 790 Código 012 tax form before your appointment. If using an agent or legal service, expect additional fees.²

Can I apply for an NIE online?

No, U.S. citizens must apply in person either at a Spanish consulate or at a police station in Spain. Some third-party agencies can help you book appointments or handle paperwork, but you must appear in person to finalize the process.

Is the NIE the same as a TIE?

Not exactly. The NIE is your foreign ID number. The TIE (Tarjeta de Identidad de Extranjero) is a physical residency card that includes your NIE number, photo, and residency status. You only get a TIE if you're granted legal residency in Spain.

Do I need an NIE if I’m just visiting Spain as a tourist?

No. Tourists don’t need an NIE. But if you plan to buy property, open a bank account, or engage in any long-term activity, you’ll need one even if you’re not staying permanently.

Does the NIE expire?

The number itself never expires, but the certificate or card may. If you’re issued a temporary certificate, some banks or agencies may request a reissue if it’s more than 3 months old. Residency cards (TIEs) have expiration dates and must be renewed accordingly.

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Getting your NIE is one of the most important first steps to settling in Spain. It unlocks everything from opening a bank account to registering for healthcare or buying property. While the paperwork may seem intimidating, following the right steps and preparing in advance can make the process smooth and stress-free.

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Sources

1. Costaluzlawyers – What is the NIE in Spain
2. Exteriores – Foreign Identity Number (NIE) and Hunting Permit
3. Exteriores – Foreign Identity Number (NIE)
4. Citizen Remote – Spain Digital Nomad Visa

Sources checked 07/02/2025